Getting Started with the FRWY-LS1046A

Boot Options

By default, the FRWY-LS1046A board comes preloaded with an LSDK composite firmware image. You can deploy Ubuntu userland on the board; however, due to limited NOR flash memory (64 MB), you need to use an external memory device, such as a micro-SD card or USB mass storage device for storing the LSDK images.

Requirement for build and Secure Root Key generation

Build LSDK 19.09 as per instructions from LSDK User Guide. On LSDK19.09 build source path,

Download and untar the flexbuild 1909 tar file.

• Build source path:

  $ cd flexbuild_lsdk1909_update_221019

• Set environment for build:

  $ source setup.env

• Compile CST application:

  $ flex-builder -c cst -a arm64

• Enable secure boot in RCW if not enabled:

  $ cd packages/firmware/rcw/ls1046afrwy/NN_NNQNNPNP_3040_0506

Based on the desired use case, user can enable the specific rcw and compile images:

• For SD-boot mode:

  $ vi rcw_1600_sdboot_sben.rcw
BOOT_HO=0
SB_EN=1

• Build SD secure firmware:

  $ flex-builder -i mkfw -m ls1046afrwy -b sd -s

• Build QSPI secure firmware:

  $ flex-builder -i mkfw -m ls1046afrwy -b qspi -s

• Check SRK Key from build path:

  $ cat packages/apps/cst/srk_hash.txt

• Build secure bootpartition:

  $ flex-builder -i mkbootpartition -a arm64 -m ls1046afrwy -s
  

• All the images for preparing card will be in the build path.

  $ cd build/images

Procedure to run secure boot

With nonsecure firmware Power ON the board and stop at U-Boot.

1. Check SNVS state:

   =>md 0x1e90014
002b0088

   Note:

   The second nibble indicates that the OTPMK is not blown.

2. Raise POVDD by executing below two commands:

   =>mw 0x2320000 80000000
=>mw 0x2320008 f01c0000

3. Program OTPMK:

   =>mm 0x01E80234
01e80234: 00000000 ? 11111111
01e80238: ffffffff ? 22222222
01e8023c: ffffffff ? 33333333
01e80240: ffffffff ? 44444444
01e80244: ffffffff ? 55555555
01e80248: ffffffff ? 66666666
01e8024c: ffffffff ? 77777777
01e80250: ffffffff ? 88888888
01e80254: 00000000 ? .

4. Check SNVS state:

   =>md 0x1e90014
00290080

   Now you can see ‘0’ in second nibble.

5. Check for parity error:

   =>md 0x1e80024
00000000

   Note:

   Parity error state should be all zero. Non-zero value indicate parity error, then Please rewrite OTPMK value and cross check POVDD is raised properly.

Program SFP registers

1. Get SRK Key from build path:

   $ cat packages/apps/cst/srk_hash.txt

2. SRK (Public Key) Hash:

   43b38d3660ddf23067842974875f8af9ecfa2c3ad9d243abe6f4e18448eee0b7

   => mm 0x1e80254
01e80254: 00000000 ? 368db343
01e80258: 00000000 ? 30f2dd60
01e8025c: 00000000 ? 74298467
01e80260: 00000000 ? f98a5f87
01e80264: 00000000 ? 3a2cfaec
01e80268: 00000000 ? ab43d2d9
01e8026c: 00000000 ? 84e1f4e6
01e80270: 00000000 ? b7e0ee48
01e80274: 00000000 ? .

3. Check for parity error:

   =>md 0x1e80024
00000000

   Note:

   Parity error state should be all 0. Non-zero value indicate parity error. Please rewrite OTPMK value and cross check POVDD is raised properly.

4. Blow the OTPMK to fuses if no parity error is found:

   =>mw 1e80020 0x02000000

   Note:

   The fuse programming is permanent so make sure there is no parity error before running the above command.

Validation of Secure Boot

Switch Setting

After flashing image into SD card, insert the SD-card to board, and make sure the switch setting for sd/qspi respective booting mode:

QSPI NOR boot : 0_0100_0100_0
SD boot : 0_0100_0000_0

Now boot the board.

On U-Boot log, you should be able to see “validating secure boot” and “esbc_validate command successful”.

At linux, check SEC_MON register whether Board is booted in Secure mode:

SD card preparation

Flashing the signed SD boot image commands:

Flashing the signed qspi boot image commands:

Once SD-card is ready, plug the console of the board to the X86 machine/Laptop and open the minicom using:

Make sure the minicom setting should be same as below output:

• A - Serial Device: /dev/ttyUSB0
• B - Lockfile Location: /var/lock
• C - Callin Program:
• D - Callout Program:
• E - Bps/Par/Bits: 115200 8N1
• F - Hardware Flow Control: No
• G - Software Flow Control: No

Save and exit from minicom

Flashing the qspi secure firmware steps:

1. Unplug the SD card from Linux pc and insert in to FRWY-LS1046A board, stop at U-Boot follow below steps.
2. Program the secure firmware to flash at 0x0:
=>ext2load mmc 0:x 0xa0000000 firmware_ls1046afrwy_uboot_qspiboot_secure.img
=>sf probe 0:0
=>sf erase 0x0 +$filesize
=>sf write 0xa0000000 0x0 $filesize
=>reset

External Memory

Security and Integrity

Tools and References

LS1046A Security (SEC) Reference Manual

Layerscape Secure Platform  Addresses security and trust concerns in all aspects of product lifecycle - design, manufacturing, run-time and connectivity.

Wired Communications

Wireless Connectivity

Building Access Control Demo

This demo shows how the FRWY-LS1046A and NFC can be used by companies to manage employee access to a premises.

Multicore and Hardware Acceleration

CPU Benchmarking Demo

This demo allows you to run different performance benchmarks including CoreMark and Dhrystone. You can also select the number of cores you want to run to view changing performance measurements.

Power Management

Machine Learning

The LS1046A-TP platform includes a Coral Tensor Flow Processing Unit (TPU) on an add-in card for accelerated inferencing for AI/ML applications.

Docker is an open, container-based platform for developing highly portable workloads. Docker containers can run on a developer's local laptop, on physical or virtual machines in a data center, on cloud providers, or in a mixture of environments. The Facial Detection Demo shown below is an example of a demo running in Docker.

Facial Detection Demo

The FRWY-LS1046A can be used for both learning and recognition using NCNN and MobileFacenet software, even without cloud connectivity.

Sensor Data Analytics Demo

This demo shows how the LS1046A-FRWY can track and store sensor data such as static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing applications as well as dynamic acceleration resulting from motion or shock. It can run on both 2 or 4 cores, and can monitor up to 50 sensor values concurrently in a sensor table.

Cold Storage Data Analytics Demo

This demo shows the compute power of the FRWY-LS1046A, with 24,000 data points processed and pushed to a local database per minute.. The user can choose from among 400 simulated refrigerators to check internal temperature, external temperature and deviation from set-point. The gateway will flag any refrigerator that is not performing within the specified range of temperature. A local database is used to check past performance up to 24 hours.

Jupyter Notebook

The Jupyter Notebook is an open source web application that you can use to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations, and text. Its flexible interface allows users to configure and arrange workflows in data science, scientific computing, computational journalism and machine learning.

Advantages of Jupyter Notebook

• Offload work: On LS platform, one can deploy Jupyter Notebook and access it from web browser, so that LS board won’t get heavy running Python itself.
• Ease in implementation and solve problems: With a Jupyter Notebook, you can view code, execute it, and display the results directly in your web browser.
• Tutorial and documentations: Jupyter enables the combination of code with more detailed documentation and results. This can be effective for multiple purposes, like with working on creating a AI/ML model, including tutorials which you might have already come across.
• Access to shell: Jupyter notebook also provides access to terminal over the web browser, and one can modify the files on go, if needed, without getting worried about the console or board access or to switch the screen in between.

Configure Jupyter notebook on LS Platform

Some of the packages to be download:

Run the below command with user permission on LS platform to start jupyter notebook:

Output:

VNC Remote Desktop

Virtual network computing (VNC) is a type of software that makes remote control of a computer possible. It allows a user to view the desktop display of another computer remotely, and control the computer over the network. TigerVNC is a high-performance, platform-neutral implementation of VNC.

VNC presents a graphical desktop (Gnome or LXDE) running on the FRWY-LS1046A. The default desktop shipped with the FRWY-LS1046A is the LXDE desktop environment.

Configure VNC server on LS Platform

Some of the packages to be download:

Set configuration and password for VNC.

Run the below command with user permission on LS platform to start vncserver:

This server can be enabled to start automatically. On FRWY-LS1046A console issue:

Connection to FRWY-LS1046A vncserver is possible using:

TigerVNC

TigerVNC is a high-performance, platform-neutral implementation of VNC (Virtual Network Computing), a client/server application that allows users to launch and interact with graphical applications on remote machines.

The default desktop shipped with FRWY-LS1046A is the LXDE desktop environment.

Advantages of TigerVNC

• Virtual display with development environment: LS board supports VNC server, which will provide desktop experience similar as x86, with support of basic tools like GMAC, terminal, web browser, file manager etc.
• User-Friendly: User can modify the code directly opening the file in edit window, can copy paste the file from one location to another and even run video/camera stream.
• Highly secure: Full session encryption, multifactor authentication and many other security features.
• Support multiple devices: VNC is a light weighted tool and can be easily ported to any LS platform family.
• Multiple user support: One can create multiple users on LS platform with different access permission, so that each user can access the area they have to work on.

Tools and References

Artificial Intelligence  Learn about our broad IC portfolio, NXP artificial intelligence (AI) core technologies enable AI and machine learning for edge applications in automotive, industrial, and IoT.

Edge Computing  The EdgeVerse platform offers primary edge computing capabilities. Our comprehensive portfolio of processors, microcontrollers and signature software is built on a foundation of scalability, energy efficiency, security, machine learning and connectivity.

Motion Control

Design Resources

Board Documents

• AN12737 Demonstrating FRWY-LS1046A Board Capabilities
• Layerscape FRWYLS1046A Board Getting Started Guide
• Layerscape FRWY-LS1046A Board Reference Manual
• LS1046DRB Design Files Rev C
• AN5226 Common Board Design for LS1046A, LS1043A and LS1088 Processors

Chip Documents

• LS1046A, LS1026A Data Sheet
• LS1046A Reference Manual
• Errata to LS1046A Data Path Acceleration Architecture (DPAA) Reference Manual
• LS1046A Interface Quick Reference
• LS1046A Design Checklist

Software

• Layerscape Software Development Kit - v21.08
• Linux^® SDK for QorIQ^® Processors
• Layerscape SDK for LS1046A-RDB
• CodeWarrior^® Development Suites for Networked Applications

Get Help

Trainings

Want to learn more about using the FRWY-LS1046A Platform? Check out our selection of training offerings ranging from online mini tech sessions to hands-on deep-dive training for help.

Forums

Connect with other engineers and get expert advice on designing with the FRWY-LS1046A Platform on one of our community sites.

Product Forums

• QorIQ Processing Platforms
• Layerscape
• Power Management
• Wireless Connectivity

Software Forums

• CodeWarrior
• Processor Expert Software