ZigBee Smart Energy (SE) is the world's leading standard for interoperable wireless products that monitor, control and automate the delivery and use of energy (and other resources, such as water). A wireless network is implemented at the consumer's premises using the ZigBee PRO protocol with the Smart Energy application profile. This Home Area Network (HAN) contains devices such as a Metering Device, In-Premise Display (IPD) and Load Control Device, and is connected to the energy provider using an Energy Service Interface (ESI) via a backhaul network.